A Patient’s Story–How Much Can or Should– Your Doctor Tell You About Potential Risks?

Below a non-fiction story from Pulse: Voices from the Heart of Medicine, “an online magazine of personal experience in health.”  Pulse is both a magazine and an online community that provides a chance for patients, doctors, nurses, social workers to come together, and share their experiences.

The magazine’s founders write: “Despite the large numbers of health magazines and medical journals, few openly describe the emotional and practical realties of health care. We at Pulse believe that our stories and poems have the power to bring us together and promote compassionate health care. “   Pulse was launched by the Department of Family and Social Medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, New York, with help from colleagues and friends around the state and around the country (Subscriptions are free: You will find the home page here.

At the end of the story, see my note, asking HealthBeat readers: “What Do You Think: Should the patient have sued the doctor?” Would she even have a case?

                                                    Collateral Damage

By Brenda Scearcy

Dr. Robert’s office felt right to me, with a musical birdsong soundtrack, soft lighting and fresh green tea, and I had my best friend in tow: piece of cake. In this serene atmosphere, I was sure that I’d find out what to do next to finish treating my endometrial cancer.

It’s probably gone now, since my hysterectomy two weeks back, I thought. But let’s play it safe; he’s the gynecological-cancer guru.

Like a general gearing up for combat, Dr. Robert said, “We can beat this. We’ll do a second surgery to remove lymph nodes and omentum–robotically, of course, so your recovery time will be quick. Down the road we’ll definitely do radiation and chemo, and your odds of recurrence will go way down.”

That tone. So assured…

“What’s an omentum?” I asked hesitantly.

“A slab of belly fat deep in the abdomen that can trap cancer cells; we usually recommend its removal if the cancer nearby is aggressive.”

“Side effects?” I asked.

“Not much to speak of. In rare cases, you get a slightly draggy foot from nerve damage.”

My whole psyche was dragging its feet. Did I need this, just after coming through a highly successful surgery?

A month before, I’d sought treatment for a garden-variety fibroid. My primary ob/gyn, Dr. Ann, had offered to remove the fibroid laparoscopically. Beforehand, as part of her usual pre-surgical procedure, she sent a tiny chunk to the lab for a cancer check.

Bingo.

A cancerous fibroid is a whole different ballgame, so Dr. Ann and I went to Plan B–a full hysterectomy and ovary removal.

Immediately after the surgery, Dr. Ann cradled my head in her sweet-smelling arm and whispered affirmations to me, cheek to cheek. Although everything else is erased by anesthesia, I clearly remember the feel of her skin and how fervently she whispered, “You’ll even want to eat–salmon!”

I did heal like a champ, wowed by blissful, oxycodone-induced hallucinations and by seeing my teenage daughter mature as she stepped into her new role as pants-puller-upper.

Call me a flake, but I believed that Dr. Ann’s surgery had removed the cancer. During waking hours, I couldn’t drum up any sincere worry. (But I did have nightly “mares,” always the same: a terrifying man breaking into my house, and I a throttled screamer. On a subconscious level, my fears about cancer were in overdrive.)

My first post-op visit with Dr. Ann, a few days after the surgery, was tremendously reassuring. She showed me the lurid photos she’d taken of my cancerous uterine fibroid, backlit and glowing ruby-red, so I’d finally see my torturer. (I still have a wallet-size photo.) We laughed–hard, which I don’t recommend after abdominal surgery.

Then she went over the lab results with me. The cancer was grade one (not aggressive) and had been relatively contained, with just one other spot on one of the removed ovaries. Dr. Ann told me that this spot was a bit of misplaced endometrial tissue that had sprouted a tumor. It was not ovarian cancer, which is often more aggressive. Welcome news. She poured her heart into reassurances.

But still. “There are other treatments, like lymphectomy, chemo or radiation, that I want you to consider,” she said. A recent cancer survivor herself, she wanted to make sure that I stayed in touch with my inner warrior. She sent me to Dr. Robert.

And Dr. Robert insisted that lymphectomy/omentectomy was the least I should do. According to him, chemo and radiation were necessary insurance against the Big C.

He described the omentum as having little purpose and regaled me with stories of women who were vacuuming the house eighteen hours after their surgeries.

I’d studied ecology in grad school; its principles guide every part of my life. I know that everything is interrelated, and that when you do one thing, it can affect other things in surprising ways. But I wanted to believe that the cancer was behind me.

Also, I was foggy-headed, suffering from cold-turkey estrogen withdrawal after the hysterectomy. So my antennae weren’t up, and my energy for fact-checking Dr. Robert’s claims was nonexistent. And then there were those nightmares….

Ultimately, it came down to this: Dr. Ann recommended that I take Dr. Robert’s advice. He was the expert. Hoping that lymphectomy would seal the deal, I had the surgery.

The immediate after-effects:

(1) Excruciating shoulder pain, referred from my diaphragm, from gas injected during surgery.

(2) Lymphedema, a build-up of fluid caused by lymph-vessel blockage. Within two days, I looked like a sumo wrestler, with lymph pooling around my middle. No clothes fit.

(3) A walnut-sized pocket of lymph in my right belly. One night at supper, my shirt suddenly grew wet as lymph spurted out of one of the operation slits.

(4) Permanent nerve damage and numbness: Dr. Robert had accidentally cut nerves to my left quadriceps, groin and lower belly.

Dr. Robert had mentioned none of these possibilities.

During my hospital stay, I never saw him. Once home, I repeatedly phoned his office, begging for help, but he never called back. Two weeks later, during our only post-op visit, he said the nurse had never told him.

Having removed more than half of my abdominal lymph nodes, Dr. Robert found that they were all cancer-free. My post-op report stated that he’d removed them prophylactically; as I saw it, that was like removing a hip so I wouldn’t break it.

A year later, I found my legs and buttocks swelling up again. At first I thought I’d twisted my ankle, but eventually Dr. Ann enlightened me: I had chronic lymphedema.

She steered me to cancer rehab, where I learned I could improve the symptoms slightly with time-consuming exercises, careful skin care and $135-a-pair pantyhose that squeeze me girdle-tight.

Now I roll a tennis ball around my ankle to break apart the fibrosis caused by lymphedema. I research cheaper pantyhose. And to give myself time to exercise and heave my hips into those leg-hugging hose, I set my alarm forty-five minutes early each morning.

I’ve damaged my knee with the grunting maneuvers required to don the hose. Long walks are temporarily a thing of the past.

The last straw is that I must hand wash these tights nightly–an odious eight-step chore.

Looking back, what astounds me is Dr. Robert’s profound lack of curiosity about his interventions’ potential impact on my daily life. He could have anticipated some of the problems–what symptoms might I develop? How ugly would I feel as a human blimp?–and might at least have warned me about what to expect.

And if I’d known the risks beforehand, I could have asked myself which I would choose: uncertainty about a recurrence, or the tedious gamut of lymphedema care?
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Unnecessary Surgery? The Story of a Health Care Provider Who Finds Himself in the Hospital, Scheduled For an Operation He Doesn’t Want

“The doctor was adamant: ‘This is America, not Sweden,’ he told me. ‘We operate.’”

Below, a physicians assistant (PA) recounts what happened when he was diagnosed with appendicitis.

Andrew T. Gray knew that he could not afford surgery.  Ironically, he had just taken a new job as a PA but had not yet filled out all of the paperwork for insurance.  Moreover, he had read about a randomized controlled trial done in Sweden suggesting that over 70% of patients did just as well taking antibiotics rather than going under the knife.

Gray’s story originally appeared in pulse- voices from the heart of medicine,  a free online magazine that publishes riveting stories and poems written by health care providers as well as patients. All of the them are true, and both the writing and the editing is superb. If you’re  not familiar with pulse, see this post where I describe how pulse was boron, quote reviews, and link to some of my favorite stories.

I urge everyone to consider subscribing to pulse’s free weekly e-mails.   You will receive a story or poem at the end of each week that will brighten your Fridays.

At the end of Gray’s story, I have added a note on research done not only in Sweden, but in the UK, comparing the results when doctors recommend antibiotics before scheduling surgery for patients diagnosed with appendicitis.

Saving My Appendix

By Andrew T. Gray

How did this happen to me? I wondered, looking at him across the ER exam room. How could I, a healthcare provider, not have insurance?

I had woken up that morning with a mildly upset stomach. Nonetheless, I’d gone to my job (begun only six weeks earlier) as a physician assistant at a Beverly Hills HIV clinic. I’d seen patients until lunchtime, then attended a research meeting. The subject was a study of irritable bowel syndrome.

“I need to be in this study,” I joked to a coworker. “My IBS is acting up.”

I don’t have IBS, but I was indeed having crampy stomach pain. I continued to see patients until 3 pm, when the pain became steady: on a ten-point scale, I gave it a six. I left work early.

As I exited the building, my first thought was Freedom! I can get home early, relax, maybe take a nap…

Crawling into bed, however, I realized that my pain had coalesced in the right lower quadrant of my abdomen. Could it be appendicitis?

Panic flooded me. After six weeks at my new job, I now qualified for health insurance, but I’d neglected to fill out the necessary paperwork.

Only an hour after leaving the clinic, I returned. Almost hysterically, I completed and faxed in the insurance forms.
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The Psychological Impact of Medical Training on Physicians

In the first chapter of his landmark work, Medical Ethics, Thomas Percival calls on physicians to ‘‘unite tenderness with steadiness’’ in their care of patients.

Percival wrote those words in 1803.  Today, they sum up what healthcare reform is asking of 21st century physicians: “Patient-centered medicine” requires that a doctor combine strength with compassion. A physician needs courage, fortitude—and great empathy. But, as I suggest in the post below, the hazing that turns medical education into an endurance test does not encourage tenderness.  Teaching through humiliation and intimidation only conditions doctors-in-training to develop a “tough hide” as they learn to take abuse without showing emotion.  

This is a process that trains young physicians to bury their feelings argue Jack Coulehan, M.D. and Peter C. Williams, Ph.D. in “Vanquishing Virtue,” a superb analysis of the “Impact of Medical Education” published in the journal, Academic Medicine, in 2001.  

 “The hot-house atmosphere is psychologically and spiritually brutal,” they write, and too often, “students receive little emotional support from faculty” or “role-model physicians.” Instead, students report feelings of paranoia: “I’m always being watched.”

Coulehan and Williams stress that some students survive, spiritually intact: “Certain personal characteristics of the student such as gender, belief system,” and age probably play roles, helping some students escape the most harmful effect of the conditioning. Medical schools that support “family medicine” and offer courses in “communication skills medical ethics, humanities, and social issues in medicine” can help.  

Nevertheless, in many instances, a poisonous, punitive culture saps the spirit of young doctors as they learn to “shut down” emotionally.

Little wonder that medical students who have endured this rite of passage resent the idea that nurse practitioners can do the work they do, and should receive equal pay and equal respect when providing the same services.  These physicians object, because they feel they have paid very high “dues” to earn the title “Doctor. “

Physicians have every right to believe that the social utility of their work demands respect, Coulehan and Williams acknowledge.

 “However, the duration, rigor, intensity, and abusiveness of today’s medical education also engenders a sense of entitlement to high income, prestige, and social power.” In essence many believe (rightly), that they paid a high price to earn that MD after their name—not just in the form of high tuition ,but in the form of  “long hours, deferred gratification, great responsibility–—which then warrant very high benefits in return, the cultural equivalent of ‘‘MD’’ license plates.

This leads to that sense of entitlement,” a belief “that physicians are due a special status in the world of healthcare not just because they have worked so hard, but because they have been so abused.”

While their grievance is justified, a sense of having been abused it is not a strong foundation for self-respect. Nor is it is a good reason to resent NPs. Rather, young physicians should resent a system designed to bully rather than to nurture, and vow not to repeat the ritual when they train doctors.

                                    The Explicit Curriculum vs. The Hidden Curriculum

 Coulehan and Williams explore the tension between the explicit curriculum of medical school, and a hidden curriculum, the unwritten code that shapes the values and behaviors of many physicians. “The explicit curriculum stresses empathy and associated listening and responding skills, the relief of suffering, the importance of trust and fidelity, and a primary focus on the patient’s best interest.”

By contrast, the implict curriculum, what they call “tacit learning,” stresses “detachment, wariness, and distrust of emotions, patients, insurance companies, administrators, and the state.” This is how residents learn to survive.

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More Stories from “Pulse—voices from the heart of medicine”

Every Friday, thousands of readers smile when they see an e-mail from Pulse: voices from the heart of medicine in their in-box. Pulse is a free, online magazine  that publishes riveting, often moving, sometimes controversial, and occasionally hilarious first-person stories and poems about medicine.  (Click on “hilarious” for a story that will astound you, and, if you share my sense of humor, make you laugh. )

All of these tales are true, and the authenticity of the writers’ voices helps explain their power.  Written by patients and doctors, nurses, caregivers, and students, these unblinkingly honest stories and poems bear witness to the suffering that patients endure, and to the compassion of caregivers — as well as their doubts.  

                                        Some of My Favorites

Long-time readers may remember poems and stories from Pulse that I have cross-posted in the past. 

 —  “Useless (But Needed), A Doctor’s Constant Companion”  — one of my favorites

 — “First Do No Harm,”  a story about how we train doctors that drew thoughtful and provocative comments from both doctors and nurses; 

— “Broken”– a controversial story about what happens when a trauma surgeon overrules an obstetrical resident. The question:  should they have tried to save the baby or the mother? Could either be saved?                                       

                A Stairwell Conversation, And a Unique Magazine is Born

Pulse founder Paul Gross, practices family medicine at Montefiore hospital in the Bronx, New York.  He recalls how Pulse was conceived:

 “What would it be like, I wondered, if there were a magazine that told about health care the way it really is? What if patients and health professionals alike got to tell their stories? 

“Around the same time, I had a stairwell conversation with a hospital director of nursing. It stopped me short. ‘For the first time in my long career,’ she said, ‘I’m ashamed to be in this business.’

“To me, this sounded like a cry for help; it sounded like a system in crisis,” Gross adds. “And yet, for the most part, popular magazines and medical journals seemed oblivious.

“It occurred to me that if we found a way to share our stories—the difficult moments along with the glorious ones—perhaps we could jump-start a national conversation about health care. Maybe this exchange could lead us toward a better health system.”
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